To date, the problem of vision compromise (the rapid development of various ophthalmic diseases) in people of different age categories is very acute. Everything is responsible for a negligent attitude towards health and excessive load on the body of vision. Computers, tablets, phones, televisions and books and -book: all these things can not only simplify life, but vice versa, damage.
Fortunately, science does not stop and those diseases that have previously sold to treatment, now you can eliminate almost without consequences and complications.
Laser vision correction
The correction of laser vision is an opportunity not only to abandon glasses and contact lenses, but also the only effective and safe way to preserve vision in old age.
The advantages of this procedure:
- Safety. The relatively low probability of developing serious complications.
- Efficiency for any violations. The operation is performed not only to improve the vision and get rid of the perspective. In some cases, the laser correction cannot be paid (this applies to the diseases that lead to blindness).
- Inpernimiemias. Before starting the procedure, the patient is buried in the anesthetic drug organ, therefore the maximum that the patient can feel is easy uncomfortable in certain phases of the surgical intervention.
- Continuity. The procedure itself lasts a minute, the main time is dedicated to the preparation to spend it.
- Short recovery period. In this case, it is not necessary to design in a hospital. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and after it the patient can return home.
- Stability and predictability. How effective the operation will be almost always known to the doctor before it. The result persists for a long time (the exception can be the presence of progressive myopia in the patient).
The choice of a specialist and the headquarters of the operation always remains behind the patient. The price of the procedure and the services of a doctor in private clinics can differ. Their training is influenced by many factors. Therefore, it is worth spending time finding information and clarifying all applications of interest in advance.
Variety of surgery
There are several correction methods. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. List of types of laser correction:
- keratomile laser (subapithelial);
- Photographic refraction cheratectomy;
- Femtosecondo Lkz.
The photographic refraction cheratectomy (Federal Migration Service) was spent for the first time several decades ago in Germany. Using this procedure, an exposure to the cornea with a with a laser with leaf. The testimony for management is astigmatism, myopia and foresight.
A significant disadvantage of the photographic response cheratectomy method is a long and unpleasant recovery period. In addition, the vision after the procedure does not return immediately, but gradually complications are possible. Therefore, they resort to it only when other more modern and effective methods are contraindicated.
Laser Subipithelial Cheratomile (Lasek). Unlike the previous method, during the operation, the superficial corneal layer does not occur, it moves only to the side. The recovery period lasts less than the federal migration service.
Cheratomilesi Laser (Lasik). At the moment, this is the method of correction of the safest and most effective vision. The recovery period is short, the vision improves already in the early hours after surgery.
Femtosecond Lec (Femo Lasik) is one of the changes of the Lasik method, which helps to obtain perfect results. The risks are reduced, vision returns and the rehabilitation period does not last long. In addition, this method has less contraindications than normal laser correction. The procedure can also be performed to patients with "dry eye syndrome".
There are also other changes of the main methods. The choice of the most relevant method in a specific situation is performed by the doctor.
Indications and contraindications
The correction of laser vision, like any other procedure, has its indications and contraindications. The indications are divided into two types: doctor and professional.
A medical indication for the correction of laser vision is the presence of these violations on one eye (the other good):
- foresight;
- astigmatism;
- myopia.
Professional indications (specialties in which it is inappropriate to wear lenses or glasses):
- firefighters;
- Police;
- military;
- People who work in the industrial sphere (places where there are a lot of dust, smoke and other adverse factors).
Contraindications are related and absolute. Absolute includes:
- Autoimmune pathologies;
- immunodeficiency;
- diseases that affect the processes and healing rate after surgery;
- the presence of a single eye in the patient;
- myopia (progressive);
- Herpesvirus infection;
- detachment of the retina;
- The thinning of the cornea.
List of related contraindications:
- diabetes mellitus;
- psychosis;
- Pregnancy of breastfeeding;
- heart problems in the patient (the presence of a pacemaker);
- inflammatory ophthalmological diseases;
- scars in the cornea (shell);
- Changes in the retina and in the bottom.
The operation is strictly prohibited to conduct people who have not reached 18 years of age. This is due to the physiological characteristics (not completely formed by the eyeball).
Preparation for laser correction
When the operation to restore the vision is already assigned, the ophthalmologist recommends taking a series of tests and following some rules. You may also need a consultation of other specialists: therapist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, etc.
Analysis that must be taken before the procedure:
- General blood examination;
- General urine analysis;
- HIV analysis;
- Analysis for syphilis;
- Analysis of hepatitis;
- Coagulogram.
The list of recommendations that are very important to be carried out for admission to surgery:
- Stop wearing contact lenses (it is necessary to do it from one or two weeks before the intervention);
- Refuse a few days before the procedure from alcoholic beverages and medicines that contain alcohol;
- Put yourself in order before the procedure;
- The breakfast on the day of the assigned date should be easy;
- It is impossible to apply the makeup on the face and the perfumes to the body before the operation;
- It is necessary to buy and bring the sunglasses with you (they will be needed after the procedure and during the recovery period);
- It is recommended to bring with you a close person for an improvement in the laser vision that will remember all the doctor's recommendations on the postoperative period will help to return home and the first time will take care of the patient.
The fulfillment of these conditions is very important, since the success of the procedure and the final result depends on this.
How the procedure is performed
Almost all types of laser correction are performed in 3 main phases. If we talk about the most effective, popular and requested Lasik procedure, then it is the following:
- The first stage. A laser or microcarath creates a flap on the surface of the cornea and brings it to the side.
- The second stage. There is a change in the shape of the cornea with a laser beam (it must correspond to the patient's individual parameters).
- The third phase. The flap is returned to the starting position and resumed.
Many have heard that patients are sealing the eyes during the operation. There are times when the patient wakes up during the procedure and the trauma is possible. In this situation, the eyes are not sealed during the laser correction, since the anesthetic drops are instilled before the procedure and the operation itself lasts only a few minutes, so these measures are excessively.
Postoperative period
The postoperative period proceeds in each other. But after the laser correction by Lasik, the patient feels an improvement in the first days and does not feel very unease.
After surgery, it is necessary to clarify once again all possible complications, ask for interesting questions, also listen to the main recommendations.
The approximate list of shares in the postoperative period (the duration of this period depends on many factors):
- You can only sleep on the back;
- You need to visit an ophthalmologist on the set dates;
- After surgery, it is necessary to put the sunglasses on the street (protect from dust, infection and small particles in the eye);
- You cannot touch your hands on the work operated;
- The prescribed drugs must be used strictly in time and in the amount indicated;
- It is better not to wash your head in the first days after the operation;
- You can only wash with purified or boiled water;
- For some time, you should abandon the use of decorative care and cosmetics;
- It is important to moderate physical effort for some time (the doctor must report the end of the restrictions at the reception after examination);
- You cannot visit saunas, swimming pools and other public places where you can capture the infection;
- It is necessary to reduce the load on the eyes (refuse to read, watch TV, long -term use of phones and tablets);
- It is strictly forbidden to guide a car in the postoperative period;
- If it hurts or feels strong discomfort, you need to contact a specialist.
There are some nutritional recommendations. Since laser correction is still surgery and therefore a certain body stress, it is necessary to eat well.
As in any other period, food should be useful and contain the necessary vitamins. To improve vision, it is recommended to eat fruit and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C.
For this they are suitable:
- Fruits and berries: blueberries, apricots, peaches, kiwis, etc. ;
- Vegetables: broccoli, carrots, tomatoes, pumpkin;
- Lattiero -Caseari products (cheese cottage);
- Fish: salmon, mackerel;
- Meat: chicken, rabbit, turkey;
- offal (kidneys and liver);
- Eggs (yolks).
In the postoperative period, it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol and it is advisable to abandon smoking.If the health worsens abruptly in the first weeks after surgery and the prescription of additional drugs is required, the doctor should be mentioned on the recently conducted laser correction.
The risks and consequences of the operation
Despite the fact that the laser correction in principle has no serious danger, there are situations in which complications still occur and lead to not entirely pleasant consequences. The ophthalmologist and the patient, agreed on the operation, must be mentioned at the reception, must be ready for possible risks.
A list of possible complications that can occur during the operation:
- The horn shell can be clouded;
- Visual acuity can decrease;
- The image can begin to double;
- Astigmatism develops.
These problems can arise for various reasons: the lack of experience and professionalism in a doctor, tools selected incorrectly or a method of correction, technical reasons, etc.
Complications that may occur after the operation:
- swelling, inflammatory process, itching, pain and burning;
- Allergic reaction to drugs;
- lack of improvement or deterioration;
- blindness (caused by individual intolerance).
A series of problems that may not occur immediately, but some time after surgery:
- the return of ophthalmic diseases (lack of therapeutic effect);
- dry eye syndrome;
- Pathological processes that affect the cornea (keratoconus, erosion, etc. ).
The laser correction method has advantages and disadvantages. Deciding this procedure or not is the case of all. In some cases, it helps to improve the quality of life (it allows you to walk without glasses and lenses) and sometimes saves from complete blindness.
Surgical operations
Despite the high popularity of the laser correction, there are situations in which you simply cannot help but other microchirurgical operations. They save from the blindness of patients with glaucoma, cataracts and various retinal pathologies. And they also have a series of advantages and disadvantages.
To combat cataracts, operations are performed to remove the goal and its replacement with a goal. Microchirurgia is also able to face retina diseases. To do this, the doctors get its complete adaptation to the fabrics (subject) or remove scars and fabrics from the vitreous body with signs of pathological changes. Glaucoma is won by surgery to restore fluid balance in the organ.
These procedures (surgical interventions) are widely used : :
- keratoplasty (through this procedure the functions and shape of the cornea are restored);
- scleroplasty (an operation that helps to suspend progressive myopia);
- Lens plant (Fakid): foresight and myopia are regulated;
- Vitrelctomy (during this procedure, pathological processes in the retina are eliminated)
- Lensectomy (during the operation the goal is removed and replaced with an intraocular lens).
Operating ophthalmic intervention can be crazy or superficial. The correction of the laser refers to the type of surface and the operation to remove the cataract to the strip.
The surgery comes to the rescue when the laser correction is prohibited or unable to cope with a serious ophthalmological disease (cataract, glaucoma, etc. ).Therefore, if the doctor insists on the surgical way of fighting the disease, then he must trust him.
The treatment of ophthalmic diseases is rarely cheap and this is not due to the desire of doctors to earn as much money as possible. This is due to the high cost of the material and equipment with which the treatment is carried out. The eternal question is also a decision on the choice of a clinic: private or state. In this case, it is difficult to guess. The doctor of the state clinic can have more experience and does all procedures efficiently and with safety and the doctor of a private clinic has more conditions for successful work (modern equipment). Some doctors work simultaneously both in the private and state clinic, therefore it is not necessary to focus on the price of services. The presence of positive reviews and recommendations is much more important.